Educação e Saúde: A Ação do Professor e as Posturas Corporais Viciosas em Sala de Aula numa Visão Interdisciplinar

Abstract

The body posture maintains the static and dynamic balance of the human, being gradually developed during growth. The postural problems of children in school phase, especially in primary school, have been a constant worry for the parents, teachers and therapists, for the ancient and difficult task of educating for good posture habits. The vicious postures acquired in a day to day basis by these children, especially in the classroom, may be responsible for future pathologies, this way informed teachers and good orientation in this school phase, about body posture will most certainly be the best instruments of prevention and permanent correction. The present study involved the teachers and students from Primary School II with the objective of detecting which vicious postures are most present in the classroom, and from this, bring awareness to the students through educative and facilitative material, contributing for the prevention of body posture deviation. The research was of descriptive, exploratory and analytical character, in a qualitative and quantitative approach, with arguments in phenomenology and subjectivity. Our sample consisted of the participation of 24 teachers and 240 students of two public state schools. All of the students participated in the investigative observation during lessons, only being considered the ones that presented the biggest damage as to the types of body postures adopted in the classroom. The qualitative results were analyzed and discussed from the answers of the teachers after the interviews, using the Bardin methodology, besides the analysis of the vicious postures detected by images with the students, in accordance with each listed variable. The quantitative data were treated in accordance to the descriptive statistic using Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences - SPSS. We observed that the participant teachers, in their majority, in both schools, did not have any formation in their academic lives about the approached thematic. As for the students, we observed that all of them in some moment had inadequate postures, being more common the postures of anterior flexion of the trunk with exaggerated flexion of the neck, with the student leaning over the table, or the students sit almost lying down on the chairs. We should emphasize that the use of educative material to work with the theme in the classroom, involving Education and Health in an interdisciplinary vision, is necessary. This understanding leads some professionals and students of the health and education area to work on diverse themes in health, among them body posture. In this sense, the interdisciplinarity was and has been the inspiration of propositions integrated work vision with direct participation of the professionals of diverse areas in the school environment. Educating for health in a popular perspective is to bring to reflection our practice while direct participants of the health promotion of the human being; it is to make think, feel and create situations to overcome barriers of prevention in our reality.